GSEB Class 6 Social Science Chapter 17 Livelihood Notes, Questions and Answers

 

Get GSEB Class 6 Social Science Chapter 17 Livelihood notes, textbook exercise solutions, important questions and answers, MCQs, fill in the blanks and a simple chapter summary for exam preparation.

1. Fill in the blanks

1. Most of the people in the village are engaged in farming.
2. Industrial employment is more available in cities.

2. Choose the correct option

1. Which is the most common occupation in rural areas?

Answer: (B) Farming

2. From where do people come to the city to get employment?

Answer: (D) All of these

3. Answer in one or two lines

1. Where do we find people engaged in farming or farm labour?

Answer: We find them in villages and rural areas.

2. What jobs do people find on the roadside?

Answer: People work as vegetable sellers, flower sellers, cycle repairers, shoe polishers, and hawkers selling items such as toys and drinking water.

3. What kind of person can get employment easily?

Answer: A person with useful skills can get employment more easily.

4. Write short notes

1. Village (rural) livelihood

Most people in villages earn their living through farming. Others work as farm labourers, cattle rearers, tailors, carpenters, barbers, blacksmiths, shopkeepers, or people who make tools and stitch clothes. Some villagers also migrate to other places when work is not available.

2. Urban livelihood

People in cities earn money through many kinds of work. Some work in offices, schools, colleges, shops, factories, and industries. Others run small businesses or work as hawkers and roadside sellers. People may have more than one occupation.

3. Retail employment in city

Retail workers sell goods directly to customers. Examples include shopkeepers and roadside vendors who sell vegetables, flowers, groceries, cold drinks, and other daily-use items.

4. Cattle rearing and farm labour

Farmers may rear cows and buffaloes and earn money by selling milk. Farm labourers help farmers with work such as sowing seeds, weeding, and other farm tasks. Farm labourers may not get work throughout the year.

5. Match the following

(1) Farm-labour — (c) May not get work for twelve months

(2) Work based on skill — (b) Can earn in more than one way

(3) Industrial employment — (a) Get permanent work

 

 

Important Notes for Revision

1. Meaning of Livelihood

Livelihood means the work or activities through which people earn money to meet their needs and support their families.

People earn a livelihood through service, business, labour, farming, and other occupations.

2. Village (Rural) Life

• Most people in villages are engaged in farming.
• Village life is affected by the local environment, available facilities, and local economic activities.
• Villagers may also work as cattle rearers, tailors, carpenters, barbers, blacksmiths, shopkeepers, and people who make tools or stitch clothes.
• Some villagers grow vegetables, fruits, flowers, and other crops.
• People in villages often depend on local shops for groceries, medicines, clothes, and other daily needs.

3. Farm Labour and Seasonal Work

• Farm labourers help farmers with sowing seeds, weeding, and other farm work.
• Farm labourers are paid wages for the work they do.
• Farm work is not available every day or throughout the year. Workers may have to look for work on other farms or in stone mines.
• Small farmers may depend on rainfall. When there is no rain or farm work, some people migrate to other places to find work.
• Madhu’s story shows the difficulties faced by farm labourers, including uncertain work, low security, debt, and heavy household responsibilities.

4. Farming and Cattle Rearing

• Farmers grow crops and may use seeds and fertilisers bought from dealers.
• Some farmers rear cows and buffaloes and sell milk to earn money.
• Income from crops may support a family for some months; milk and other work can provide income during other months.
• Farmers may also work in nearby industries or do other jobs when farm income is not enough.

5. Village–City Connection

• Villages and cities depend on each other.
• Villagers buy necessary goods from shops and may sell their farm produce to traders.
• Traders may buy goods such as rice from villagers at a lower price and sell them in city shops.
• People from villages and other places move to cities to find jobs and earn money.

6. Other Ways of Earning

• Fishing is a livelihood for people who do not own land for farming.
• Fishing can be difficult during the monsoon because the sea may be unsafe.
• Cyclones, tsunamis, and pollution can damage boats, reduce fish, and affect the income of fishing families.
• When fishing is not possible, families may face money problems if they have no other source of income.

7. Life and Livelihood in Cities

• People in cities work in offices, schools, colleges, shops, factories, industries, and small businesses.
• Some people earn money as hawkers and roadside sellers.
• Roadside jobs include selling vegetables, flowers, drinking water, and other goods, as well as cycle repair and shoe polishing.
• A person may have more than one occupation to earn enough money.
• Roadside workers may face traffic-related problems and accidents.

8. Industrial Livelihood

• Factories provide jobs to many people.
• Machines can help workers produce more goods with less labour.
• Factories may have different departments, such as stitching and button-fitting in a clothes factory.
• Some factories work in three shifts over 24 hours. Workers who work more than eight hours may receive extra payment, as stated in the chapter.

9. Retail Livelihood

• Retail work involves selling goods to customers or traders.
• The chapter gives the example of Jaisingh, who makes different kinds of chocolates and supplies them to traders.
• Making and selling goods can provide employment to many people, directly and indirectly.
• Skills are important for getting employment.

10. Important Examples from the Chapter

• Madhu: A farm labourer who faces irregular work and financial difficulties.
• Salman: A farmer who earns from crops and also rears cows and buffaloes for milk.
• Jagabhai: A village shopkeeper and trader who buys produce from villagers and sells it in the city.
• Rudibahen and Lakhima: Women who depend on fishing for their livelihood and face difficulties during natural disasters and monsoons.
• Karshanbhai: A carpenter who moves to a town and earns through rickshaws.
• Jaisingh: A chocolate maker whose business provides work to many people.

11. Quick Revision Points

• Most common rural occupation: Farming.
• Farm labourers may not get work throughout the year.
• Cattle rearing provides income through the sale of milk.
• Villages and cities depend on each other for goods, trade, and jobs.
• Fishing is affected by monsoons, cyclones, tsunamis, and pollution.
• City livelihoods include office work, factory work, shopkeeping, and roadside selling.
• Industrial employment is more available in cities.
• Skill plays an important role in getting employment.
• Some people have more than one occupation to earn a living.