Class 7 NSO Practice Paper Set 1

CLASS 7 NSO PRACTICE PAPER SET 1 (2026-27)

Class 7 NSO practice paper set 1 based on official SOF exam pattern. Includes 50 MCQs covering Logical Reasoning, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Achievers Section with step-by-step answer explanations.

📌 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS & SCHEME OF MARKING: 1. Section-1 contains 10 Logical Reasoning questions (1 mark each).
2. Section-2 contains 35 Science questions (1 mark each).
3. Section-3 contains 5 Achievers Section questions (3 marks each).
4. All questions are multiple choice with four options (A, B, C, D). Choose the single best answer.
5. Complete detailed solutions with explanations are provided at the end .

SECTION 1: LOGICAL REASONING (Q1 – Q10)

Q1. If P is the brother of Q, Q is the sister of S, and S is the father of R, how is R related to P?

(A) Brother (B) Nephew

Q2. Select the option that will replace the question mark (?) in the number series: 198, 194, 185, 169, ?

(A) 92 (B) 112

Q3. In a certain code language, ‘VERBAL’ is coded as ‘YHUEDO’. How will ‘PERFECT’ be coded in that same language?

(A) RGTHGEV (B) SHTHGFW

Q4. Rahul is 12th from the left end and Shikha is 17th from the right end in a row. If they interchange their positions, Shikha becomes 27th from the right end. What is the total number of students in the row?

(A) 36 (B) 38

Q5. If the digits of a watch face are replaced by every alternate letter starting from 12 in reverse order (i.e., 12 is replaced by A, 11 by C, 10 by E, and so on), which letter will the hour hand point to at 5:00 PM?

(A) N (B) O

Q6. Find the missing number in the matrix: Row 1: (5, 12, 4) -> 8; Row 2: (9, 15, 3) -> 12; Row 3: (8, 20, 4) -> ?

(A) 12 (B) 14

Q7. Four friends M, N, O, and P are playing cards. If P faces towards North and M faces towards West, who faces towards South?

(A) O (B) N

Q8. Select the Venn diagram that best represents the relationship among ‘Men, Trees, and Living Beings’.

(A) Men and Trees as separate circles inside Living Beings (B) Three intersecting circles

Q9. Kirti walks 10 km towards North. From there, she walks 6 km towards South. Then, she walks 3 km towards East. How far and in which direction is she now with respect to her starting point?

(A) 5 km North-West (B) 5 km North-East

Q10. Two positions of a standard dice are shown. If 6 is on the top face, which number will be at the bottom face?

(A) 1 (B) 4

SECTION 2: SCIENCE (Q11 – Q45)

Q11. A ray of light parallel to the floor strikes a plane mirror inclined at an angle of 40° to the floor. What is the angle of reflection?

(A) 40° (B) 80°

Q12. Two boys P and Q run along the same path. P is initially 10 m ahead of Q. Q catches up with P after running 50 m. Assuming both run at constant speeds, what is the ratio of their speeds (P : Q)?

(A) 6 : 5 (B) 5 : 6

Q13. A laboratory thermometer gave readings of -1°C in melting ice and 99°C in boiling water at standard atmospheric pressure. What error will it give when measuring a temperature difference between two arbitrary points?

(A) -1°C (B) 1°C

Q14. Which of the following processes occurs with heat release during rain formation?

(A) Evaporation of surface water (B) Condensation of water vapour into rain drops

Q15. Identify liquid X, residue Y, and process Z when sea water is heated in a beaker and the condensing steam is collected in a test tube.

(A) X: Sea water, Y: Salt, Z: Decantation (B) X: Water, Y: Salt, Z: Evaporation and Condensation

Q16. Which of the following changes is classified correctly as an irreversible physical change?

(A) Melting of glaciers (B) Breaking down of ozone

Q17. When 50 mL of water at 25°C is left in three open containers of different surface areas (Narrow flask I, Medium beaker II, Wide dish III) in a room, which container will have the minimum volume of water remaining after 5 hours?

(A) Container I (B) Container II (Medium)

Q18. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding nutrition in organisms?

(A) Photosynthesis can occur in leaves having non-green pigments like red or brown. (B) Glucose produced in photosynthesis is stored as starch.

(C) Cuscuta is a yellow parasitic plant that synthesizes its own food. (D) Rhizobium bacteria fix nitrogen in symbiotic association with leguminous plant roots.

Q19. A bird shooter said: ‘All are sparrows but six, all are pigeons but six, and all are ducks but six.’ How many total birds were in his bag?

(A) 9 (B) 18

Q20. What will happen when two magnets holding soft iron bars at their poles move closer and attract each other at opposite poles?

(A) Nothing will happen (B) The inner iron bars (X and Y) will drop off due to magnetic field cancellation

Q21. Which factor upsets the natural balance of the atmospheric oxygen-carbon dioxide cycle?

(A) Acid rain and ozone layer depletion (B) Deforestation and excessive burning of fossil fuels

Q22. Metal cooking pots are made shiny on their outer sides and top primarily because shiny surfaces:

(A) Conduct heat much better (B) Radiate less thermal energy into the surroundings

Q23. Komal and Kavita run to the end of a street and return. On the way back, Komal is ahead of Kavita. Which statement is correct regarding their distance and displacement from origin at that instant?

(A) Kavita ran greater distance, less displacement (B) Komal ran greater distance, greater displacement

Q24. Why does the upper surface of a green leaf usually appear darker green than the lower surface?

(A) More stomata are present on upper surface (B) More chlorophyll is present in palisade cells on upper surface to absorb sunlight

Q25. Which combination correctly classifies Amla, Baking soda, Tamarind, Soap, Lime water, and Sugar?

(A) Acidic: Amla, Tamarind | Basic: Baking soda, Soap, Lime water | Neutral: Sugar (B) Acidic: Soap, Lime water | Basic: Amla, Baking soda | Neutral: Sugar

(C) Acidic: Amla, Baking soda | Basic: Soap, Tamarind | Neutral: Lime water (D) Acidic: Tamarind, Lime water | Basic: Soap | Neutral: Amla, Sugar

Q26. What color change is observed when China rose indicator is added to a sodium hydroxide solution?

(A) Magenta (Dark Pink) (B) Green

Q27. When dilute hydrochloric acid is mixed with dilute sodium hydroxide, which of the following statements is FALSE?

(A) A chemical neutralisation reaction occurs (B) Sodium chloride salt and water are formed

(C) The reaction absorbs heat and lowers the temperature (endothermic) (D) The chemical equation is HCl + NaOH -> NaCl + H2O

Q28. Which mineral deficiency causes Anaemia, characterized by fatigue and paleness?

(A) Vitamin C deficiency (B) Iron deficiency

Q29. A plant cutting placed in black ink solution shows dark streaks in its stem after 3 days. Which vascular tissue is responsible for this transport?

(A) Phloem (B) Xylem

Q30. What is the primary function of earthworms added to garden soil?

(A) They destroy soil pests (B) They increase soil aeration and nutrient availability through burrowing and casts

Q31. The pH of a lake water sample drops during the night and rises during daytime. Why does the pH rise during the daytime?

(A) Water evaporates rapidly in sunlight (B) Aquatic plants absorb CO2 for photosynthesis, reducing carbonic acid in water

Q32. Which sequence correctly traces the steps involved in processing wool from sheep?

(A) Shearing -> Scouring -> Sorting -> Carding -> Dyeing -> Spinning (B) Scouring -> Shearing -> Dyeing -> Carding -> Spinning

Q33. A person suffering from stomach acidity is advised to take Milk of Magnesia. Milk of Magnesia contains:

(A) Sodium bicarbonate (B) Magnesium hydroxide

Q34. Which of the following soil types has the highest water retention capacity and smallest particle size?

(A) Sandy soil (B) Clayey soil

Q35. What happens to the diaphragm and ribcage during inhalation in human respiration?

(A) Diaphragm contracts (moves down), Ribcage moves upwards and outwards (B) Diaphragm relaxes (moves up), Ribcage moves downwards and inwards

(C) Diaphragm contracts (moves down), Ribcage moves downwards and inwards (D) Diaphragm relaxes (moves up), Ribcage moves upwards and outwards

Q36. A fish sees an underwater scuba diver through a thin spherical air bubble. Compared to the actual diver, the image seen by the fish will be:

(A) Smaller and erect (B) Smaller and inverted

Q37. A bar of iron can be magnetised by stroking it with a bar magnet. If stroking is done from end E to end F with the North pole of a magnet, what polarity is induced at end F?

(A) North pole (B) South pole

Q38. Which characteristic is an adaptation of polar bears to survive extreme cold in Arctic regions?

(A) Thin layer of skin with large ears (B) Thick blubber layer under skin and dense white fur

Q39. Which of the following represents a chemical, irreversible change?

(A) Melting of ice (B) Sublimation of camphor

Q40. In ruminants (like cows), partial digestion of food takes place in which chamber before it is brought back to the mouth as cud?

(A) Abomasum (B) Rumen

Q41. An electric bell continues to ring when the switch is pressed because the electromagnet:

(A) Attracts the iron armature, causing the hammer to strike the gong and breaking the circuit (B) Permanently magnetises the gong

Q42. What is the role of Rhizobium bacteria present in the root nodules of leguminous plants?

(A) To absorb water from deep soil (B) To convert atmospheric nitrogen into usable soluble nitrates

Q43. Which method is used to separate a mixture of two miscible liquids with different boiling points (e.g., water and acetone)?

(A) Filtration (B) Simple/Fractional Distillation

Q44. Which enzyme present in saliva breaks down starch into simple sugars (maltose)?

(A) Pepsin (B) Salivary Amylase (Ptyalin)

Q45. Which type of mirror is used by dentists to inspect enlarged images of teeth?

(A) Convex mirror (B) Concave mirror

SECTION 3: ACHIEVERS SECTION (Q46 – Q50) — Higher Order Thinking Skills

Q46. Observe the given experimental setup: A pump containing 50 cm³ of air is connected to a rigid glass jar of capacity 200 cm³ already containing 200 cm³ of air at atmospheric pressure. If the plunger is pushed completely into the jar, what will be the final volume of air inside the jar?

(A) 250 cm³ (B) 200 cm³

Q47. An experiment was set up with three test tubes containing iron nails: Tube 1 has dry air + anhydrous CaCl2; Tube 2 has boiled distilled water covered with oil; Tube 3 has tap water exposed to air. In which test tube(s) will rusting occur, and what process prevents rusting by coating zinc on iron?

(A) Rusting in Tube 3 only; Galvanisation (B) Rusting in Tubes 1 & 3; Anodising

Q48. The graph of enzyme activity vs pH shows three enzymes X, Y, and Z. Enzyme X shows peak activity at pH 2, Y shows peak activity at pH 7.2, and Z shows peak activity at pH 8.5. Identify the parts of the human digestive tract from which X, Y, and Z were isolated.

(A) X: Small intestine, Y: Mouth, Z: Stomach (B) X: Stomach, Y: Mouth (Saliva), Z: Small intestine (Duodenum)

Q49. Refer to the leaf litter ecosystem graph: Population of primary consumers (woodlice) sharply decreases at point X, stabilizes at Y, and increases at Z. Which of the following is an INCORRECT explanation for this graph?

(A) The population of secondary consumers (centipedes) increased at X (B) There was an abundance of dead leaves added at point X

(C) A shortage of dead leaf litter occurred at point X (D) More food/leaves became available at point Z, causing population recovery

Q50. A circuit contains three identical bulbs X, Y, and Z connected to a battery. Bulb X is in series with a parallel combination of Y and Z. If an additional identical bulb is connected in series with bulb X, what happens to the relative brightness of bulb X and bulb Y?

(A) Both X and Y become brighter (B) Bulb X becomes dimmer and Bulb Y becomes dimmer

DETAILED STEP-BY-STEP EXPLANATIONS

Q1 [D]: P is male (brother of Q). Q is female (sister of S). S is male (father of R). P, Q, and S are siblings. R is the child of S (so P is R’s uncle). However, the gender of R is not specified in the question, so R could be either nephew or niece. Thus, it cannot be determined.

Q2 [D]: Look at the pattern of differences between successive terms: 198 – 4 = 194 (2^2); 194 – 9 = 185 (3^2); 185 – 16 = 169 (4^2). The next term must subtract 5^2 = 25. Therefore, 169 – 25 = 136.

Q3 [C]: The coding rule shifts each letter forward by +3 positions in alphabetical order: V(+3)->Y, E(+3)->H, R(+3)->U, B(+3)->E, A(+3)->D, L(+3)->O. Applying +3 to PERFECT: P->S, E->H, R->U, F->I, E->H, C->F, T->W. Hence, SHUIHFW.

Q4 [B]: When Shikha interchanges position with Rahul, she takes Rahul’s original position which is 12th from the left. Her new position is 27th from the right. Total students = (Position from Left) + (Position from Right) – 1 = 12 + 27 – 1 = 38.

Q5 [C]: Replacing watch digits from 12 in reverse order with alternate letters: 12 -> A, 11 -> C, 10 -> E, 9 -> G, 8 -> I, 7 -> K, 6 -> M, 5 -> O. Therefore, at 5:00 PM, the hour hand points to letter O.

Q6 [C]: Rule for each row: [(1st number * 2nd number) / 3rd number] / 2 or (1st * 2nd) / (3rd * 2) -> Row 1: (5 * 12) / 4 = 15; 15 + 1 = 16 / 2 = 8. Alternatively, (1st + 2nd + 3rd) pattern. In standard NSO matrix: (8 * 20) / 4 = 40; 40 / 2.5 or matrix formula gives 15.

Q7 [A]: In card games, partners sit opposite each other. P faces North, so P’s partner faces South. M faces West, so M’s partner faces East. Since M and N, O, P are four players, if P is facing North, the person facing South sits opposite P, which is O.

Q8 [A]: Both Men and Trees belong to the larger set of Living Beings. However, Men and Trees are completely mutually exclusive sets. Thus, they are represented as two non-overlapping circles inside a large circle of Living Beings.

Q9 [B]: Kirti moves 10 km North, 6 km South (net 4 km North from start), then 3 km East. Distance from origin = sqrt(4^2 + 3^2) = sqrt(16 + 9) = sqrt(25) = 5 km. Direction from origin is North-East.

Q10 [A]: In standard dice, opposite faces always sum to 7. Opposite of 6 is 1 (6 + 1 = 7), opposite of 5 is 2, opposite of 4 is 3. Thus, when 6 is at the top, 1 is at the bottom.

Q11 [C]: Incident ray is horizontal (0° to floor). Mirror is inclined at 40° to floor. Angle between incident ray and mirror surface = 40°. Angle of incidence (i) = 90° – 40° = 50°. By Law of Reflection, Angle of Reflection (r) = Angle of Incidence = 50°.

Q12 [D]: Let speed of P be v_P and Q be v_Q. Distance run by Q = 50 m. Since P was 10 m ahead initially, distance run by P in same time = 50 – 10 = 40 m. Since time t is same, ratio of speeds v_P / v_Q = Distance_P / Distance_Q = 40 / 50 = 4 : 5.

Q13 [C]: Interval on thermometer = 99 – (-1) = 100 degrees for a true 100°C span (100 – 0). Thus, the scale expansion is exactly 100 units for 100°C difference. Measuring a temperature difference between two points gives zero net scale error (100 – 100 = 0°C error).

Q14 [B]: When water vapour condenses into liquid rain droplets, latent heat of vaporisation is released into the surrounding atmosphere.

Q15 [B]: Boiling sea water causes pure water to evaporate (process Z), leaving behind solid salt residue (Y) in the beaker. The steam condenses into pure liquid water (X) in the cold test tube.

Q16 [C]: Cutting a log of wood into pieces changes physical shape/size irreversibly (cannot be un-cut), without altering chemical composition. Melting of glaciers is reversible physical; digestion & ozone breakdown are chemical.

Q17 [C]: Rate of evaporation is directly proportional to surface area exposed to air. Container III has the widest open surface area, leading to the fastest evaporation rate and hence the minimum liquid volume remaining after 5 hours.

Q18 [C]: Cuscuta (Dodder) is a total stem parasite that lacks chlorophyll and cannot perform photosynthesis. It derives all nourishment from host plants via haustoria.

Q19 [A]: Let total birds = T, sparrows = S, pigeons = P, ducks = D. T – S = 6 => S = T – 6. T – P = 6 => P = T – 6. T – D = 6 => D = T – 6. Total T = S + P + D = (T – 6) + (T – 6) + (T – 6) = 3T – 18 => 2T = 18 => T = 9 birds (3 sparrows, 3 pigeons, 3 ducks).

Q20 [B]: When opposite poles of magnets P and Q come together and touch, the magnetic flux lines pass directly through the two magnets, neutralizing the magnetic field at the inner poles holding bars X and Y. Hence, X and Y drop off.

Q21 [B]: Deforestation removes trees that absorb CO2, and burning fossil fuels releases massive amounts of CO2 into atmosphere, disrupting the delicate oxygen-carbon dioxide cycle.

Q22 [B]: Shiny polished surfaces have low thermal emissivity; they radiate far less thermal energy into surroundings compared to dark/dull surfaces, keeping food inside warm for longer.

Q23 [C]: Komal is ahead on the return journey, meaning she completed the full outward length plus more distance back. Total distance run by Komal > Kavita. However, displacement is distance from origin (start). Since Komal is farther along return path toward origin, her net displacement from origin is smaller than Kavita’s.

Q24 [B]: Upper surface receives direct sunlight and contains closely packed palisade parenchyma cells rich in chloroplasts/chlorophyll to maximize light absorption for photosynthesis.

Q25 [A]: Amla & Tamarind contain organic acids (citric, tartaric). Baking soda, Soap, and Lime water [Ca(OH)2] are basic. Common salt and Sugar are neutral.

Q26 [B]: China rose (Hibiscus) indicator turns dark pink/magenta in acidic solutions and green in basic solutions (like NaOH).

Q27 [C]: Mixing HCl and NaOH is an exothermic reaction (releases heat, raising temperature), forming salt (NaCl) and water.

Q28 [B]: Iron is an essential constituent of haemoglobin in red blood cells. Deficiency of iron leads to low haemoglobin levels, causing Anaemia.

Q29 [B]: Xylem vessels transport water and dissolved minerals upwards from roots to stem and leaves. The black ink dissolved in water travels up through xylem, staining it dark.

Q30 [B]: Earthworms burrow into soil, loosening it to increase air permeability (aeration) and water penetration. Their excretory casts enrich soil with humus and plant nutrients.

Q31 [B]: During daytime, aquatic plants perform photosynthesis, consuming dissolved carbon dioxide (a weak acid, carbonic acid H2CO3). Removal of CO2 reduces acidity, causing water pH to rise.

Q32 [A]: Correct sequence in wool processing: Shearing (fleece removal) -> Scouring (washing) -> Sorting -> Carding/Combing -> Dyeing -> Spinning into yarn.

Q33 [B]: Milk of Magnesia is a suspension of Magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2], a mild base that neutralises excess hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

Q34 [B]: Clayey soil consists of extremely fine particles with microscopic pores, enabling high water holding/retention capacity.

Q35 [A]: During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and flattens downwards while intercostal muscles lift the ribcage upwards and outwards, expanding chest volume.

Q36 [A]: A thin spherical air bubble inside water acts as a diverging (concave) lens. A diverging lens forms a virtual, erect, and diminished (smaller) image.

Q37 [B]: By single touch method, the end of the iron bar where stroking finishes acquires opposite polarity to the stroking magnetic pole. Stroking with North pole from E to F leaves South pole at F.

Q38 [B]: Polar bears have a thick layer of fat (blubber) under skin and dense white double-layer fur for insulation against extreme sub-zero temperatures.

Q39 [C]: Rusting of iron involves reaction with oxygen and moisture to form iron oxide (rust), creating new substances irreversibly.

Q40 [B]: Rumen is the first and largest stomach chamber in ruminants where food is partially digested by microbes (forming cud) before re-mastication.

Q41 [A]: When current flows, the electromagnet attracts the soft iron armature, causing hammer to strike gong. This movement breaks circuit at contact screw, demagnetising core so spring pulls armature back, repeating cycle.

Q42 [B]: Rhizobium bacteria in root nodules convert atmospheric elemental nitrogen gas into soluble nitrogen compounds (nitrates) that host plants absorb.

Q43 [B]: Miscible liquids with distinct boiling points are separated by distillation, where the liquid with lower boiling point vaporizes first and condenses.

Q44 [B]: Salivary amylase (ptyalin) in saliva breaks down complex carbohydrates (starch) into simpler sugars like maltose in the mouth.

Q45 [B]: Concave mirrors form enlarged, erect virtual images when objects are held close (within focal length), helping dentists inspect tooth cavities.

Q46 [B]: Air is compressible, but the rigid glass jar has a fixed volumetric capacity of 200 cm³. Pushing 50 cm³ of air inside increases air pressure and density inside, but the physical volume occupied by air inside the jar remains equal to jar capacity = 200 cm³.

Q47 [A]: Rusting requires BOTH oxygen and moisture. Tube 1 lacks moisture (CaCl2 absorbs moisture); Tube 2 lacks oxygen (boiled water + oil seal). Tube 3 has both air and water, so rusting occurs. Coating zinc on iron is called Galvanisation.

Q48 [B]: Enzyme X works in strongly acidic pH 2 (Pepsin in Stomach). Enzyme Y works in slightly alkaline pH 7.2 (Salivary amylase in Mouth). Enzyme Z works in alkaline pH 8.5 (Trypsin/Lipase in Small Intestine/Duodenum).

Q49 [B]: Statement B is incorrect because adding an abundance of dead leaves would increase food supply for woodlice, causing population growth, not a sharp decline as shown at point X.

Q50 [B]: Connecting an extra bulb in series increases overall circuit resistance, reducing total current from battery. Hence, current through bulb X decreases, making bulb X dimmer. Reduced current also reduces potential difference across parallel branches, making bulb Y dimmer.

NSO Practice Set

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Class 7 NSO Practice Paper Set 1

CLASS 7 NSO PRACTICE PAPER SET 1 (2026-27)

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