GSEB Class 8 Social Science Chapter 18: Social Justice and Social Anomaly

 

Get GSEB Class 8 Social Science Chapter 18 notes, exercise solutions, and important questions and answers on Social Justice and Social Anomaly in simple English.

PART A — EXERCISE ANSWERS

1. Answer the following questions

1. 1) What is meant by social justice?

Social justice means giving every person equal rights, equal opportunities and fair treatment without discrimination based on caste, sex, religion or other differences. It aims to protect individual freedom and equality.

2. 2) What is meant by the situation of social inequality?

Social inequality is a situation in which people do not enjoy equal rights and opportunities. It may be seen in education, jobs, income and treatment based on sex or caste.

3. 3) How are human rights useful to an individual?

Human rights help people live with dignity and freedom. They protect people from discrimination and support their rights to food, housing, water, education, work, expression, property and privacy.

2. Answer the following questions concisely

4. 1) What are the impacts of social inequality on economic status?

Social inequality can keep some groups away from education, jobs and other development opportunities. Their ability to speak against injustice may decrease. They may face exploitation, remain deprived and become trapped in poverty. It can also create conflict between social classes.

5. 2) What is meant by child rights? What rights are granted to children?

Child rights are rights that protect children and support their growth and welfare. They include the right to live without discrimination; receive proper care from parents; get education; live a healthy life; follow and preserve their religious community and culture; express themselves freely; be protected from mental or physical harassment and exploitation; and enjoy social security and a proper standard of living.

3. Think and Write

6. 1) Social evil practices lead to social inequality. Explain with an example.

Social evils such as caste discrimination and gender discrimination stop people from getting equal rights and opportunities. For example, if a girl is denied education only because she is a girl, she does not get the same chance to develop as boys. This creates social inequality.

7. 2) Is it right to employ a 14 year old child in a restaurant? Why?

No. A 14-year-old child should be protected from work that harms their health, safety or education. Children need care, education and time to develop. Employing a child in unsuitable work can lead to exploitation and may violate child-protection laws.

8. 3) What problems will an illiterate person face?

An illiterate person may find it difficult to read notices, fill in forms, understand written information, learn about laws and rights, or apply for some jobs and government schemes. Lack of education can reduce opportunities and make it harder to speak up against injustice.

 

GSEB Class 8 Social Science Chapter 18 – IMPORTANT NOTES

1. Social Justice

• Social justice means protecting freedom, equality and rights for every person.
• It aims to rebuild society so that everyone gets fair treatment and equal opportunities.
• No person should face discrimination because of caste, sex, religion or similar differences.

2. Social Inequality

• Social inequality means that people do not receive equal rights, chances or access to resources.
• It can occur in education, employment, income, and treatment based on sex or caste.
• Reasons discussed in the chapter include lack of access to education, lack of knowledge about laws, harmful social practices, and conservative beliefs that reject change.
• Earlier, women could receive lower wages than men for similar work, and girls could be treated unequally in education.

3. Efforts to Attain Social Justice

• The Constitution of India provides for social, economic and political justice for all citizens.
• It supports equal opportunity and status.
• Special provisions support Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, nomadic communities, socially and economically backward classes, and minorities.
• Constitutional rights and Five Year Plan provisions have been used to support these communities.

4. Social Inequality and Economic Condition

• Treating one class as superior and another as inferior can lead to discrimination and dislike.
• This may cause conflict between classes and slow social progress.
• People who are deprived may have less access to development facilities and less power to raise their voice against injustice.
• Such conditions can lead to exploitation and long-term poverty.
• The chapter says development of backward classes is a responsibility of society as a whole, and government schemes can help.

5. Government Schemes for Social Justice

• Reserved seats in Parliament, state legislatures and Panchayats help maintain representation for groups needing social justice.
• Reserved seats in educational institutions aim to increase literacy and improve social status.
• Interest-free or low-interest loans may support self-employment, small occupations, cottage industries and small industries.
• Loans for vehicles such as rickshaws can help some people become economically self-reliant.

6. Human Rights

• Human rights are basic rights needed to live with dignity. They belong to all human beings.
• The chapter lists these rights declared by the United Nations:
• Right to adequate food, housing, water and hygiene
• Right to work and fair remuneration
• Right to education
• Right to freedom of expression
• Right to property
• Right to privacy
• Human Rights Day is observed every year on 10 December.

7. Child Rights

• Child rights support the development, safety and welfare of children.
• The chapter lists these rights:
• Right to live without discrimination based on caste, colour, gender, language, religion or nationality
• Right to adequate nurturing by parents
• Right to education for personal development
• Right to a healthy life
• Right to live in one’s religious community and preserve culture
• Right to freedom of expression
• Right to protection against mental or physical harassment, exploitation and agony
• Right to social security and a proper standard of living
• Child Rights Day is observed every year on 20 November.

Quick Revision

• Social justice = fairness, equality, rights and equal opportunities.
• Social inequality = unequal rights and opportunities.
• Human Rights Day = 10 December.
• Child Rights Day = 20 November.
• Government measures include reservation in elected bodies and educational institutions, and loans to support self-employment.
• Education, awareness of laws and ending harmful social practices can help reduce inequality.

 

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