Class 5 Science Rocks and Minerals Worksheet and Solutions
Explore Your Knowledge
- Tick (✓) the right answer
- Chalk is a form of:
(a) sandstone (b) shale (c) limestone (d) slate
Correct Answer: (c) limestone
- Which one is an igneous rock?
(a) Pumice (b) Shale (c) Slate (d) Marble
Correct Answer: (a) Pumice
- Gneiss is transformed from:
(a) sandstone (b) basalt (c) shale (d) granite
Correct Answer: (d) granite
- The common mineral found in sandstone is:
(a) quartz (b) mica (c) calcium (d) feldspar
Correct Answer: (a) quartz
- Slate is a type of:
(a) igneous rock (b) sedimentary rock (c) metamorphic rock (d) fossil rock
Correct Answer: (c) metamorphic rock
- Fill in the blanks with appropriate words
- Coal and petroleum are fossil fuels.
Answer: Coal, petroleum
- Molten rock inside the earth is called magma.
Answer: magma
- Uranium is used to produce nuclear energy.
Answer: nuclear
- Obsidian is an igneous rock.
Answer: igneous
- Natural resources should be conserved.
Answer: conserved
- Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false statements
- Pumice is a hard and light rock.
Answer: False (F) — (Pumice is light and porous, but soft enough to be used as a scrubber.)
- Granite is metamorphic rock.
Answer: False (F) — (Granite is an igneous rock.)
- Petroleum is formed from the dead remains of sea animals and plants.
Answer: True (T)
- Calcite is a metallic mineral.
Answer: False (F) — (Calcite is a non-metallic mineral.)
- Coal is a kind of rock.
Answer: True (T) — (Coal is a sedimentary rock formed from ancient plant remains.)
- Match the following
| Column A | Column B | Correct Matching |
| 1. Granite | (a) Metal | 1. Granite ➔ (e) Igneous rock |
| 2. Conglomerate | (b) Fossil fuel | 2. Conglomerate ➔ (d) Sedimentary rock |
| 3. Copper | (c) Metamorphic rock | 3. Copper ➔ (a) Metal |
| 4. Petroleum | (d) Sedimentary rock | 4. Petroleum ➔ (b) Fossil fuel |
| 5. Marble | (e) Igneous rock | 5. Marble ➔ (c) Metamorphic rock |
Let’s Think and Answer
- Short Answer Questions
- What is granite?
Ans: Granite is a hard, coarse-grained igneous rock formed by the slow cooling of magma beneath the Earth’s surface. It is rich in quartz, feldspar, and mica, and is widely used for kitchen countertops and flooring.
- What are minerals?
Ans: Minerals are naturally occurring chemical substances that make up rocks. They can be metallic (e.g., gold, iron, copper) or non-metallic (e.g., calcite, quartz, mica).
- How are metamorphic rocks formed?
Ans: Metamorphic rocks are formed when pre-existing igneous or sedimentary rocks undergo changes due to extreme heat and pressure deep inside the Earth’s crust.
- How is basalt formed?
Ans: Basalt is an igneous rock formed when lava flows onto the Earth’s surface and cools rapidly. It is dense, dark-colored, and fine-grained, commonly used in road construction.
- Write names of three non-metallic minerals.
Ans: Three non-metallic minerals are:
• Calcite
• Gypsum
• Quartz (or Mica / Coal / Petroleum)
- Long Answer Questions
- What is coal? How is it formed? What are its uses?
Ans:
• What is Coal?
Coal is a combustible sedimentary rock composed mainly of carbon, formed from ancient plant material.
• Formation of Coal:
Millions of years ago, dense forests and plant material died and sank into swamps. Over time, layers of soil, mud, and water buried these plant remains. Due to high pressure and heat deep within the Earth, the buried plant material gradually transformed into coal.
• Uses of Coal:
1. Used as fuel for cooking and heating.
2. Used in thermal power plants to generate electricity.
3. Used in industries (e.g., steel and iron production).
4. Used in manufacturing synthetic fibers, plastics, nylon, and fertilizers.
- Describe the uses of rocks and minerals.
Ans:
Rocks and minerals play an essential role in daily life and industrial applications:
1. Building & Construction Material:
• Rocks like granite, sandstone, marble, and limestone are used to build houses, monuments, roads, and bridges.
2. Useful Metals:
• Minerals provide valuable metals such as iron, aluminum, copper, gold, and silver used for utensils, machinery, electrical wires, vehicles, and jewelry.
3. Gemstones:
• Precious minerals such as diamond, ruby, emerald, and sapphire are polished and used as gemstones in jewelry.
4. Fuels & Energy Generation:
• Fossil fuels like coal and petroleum provide energy for transportation and electricity. Uranium is used to generate nuclear power.
- Describe igneous rocks and its types.
Ans:
Igneous rocks (derived from Latin ‘ignis’ meaning fire) are formed when molten rock cools and solidifies.
Types of Igneous Rocks:
1. Granite: Formed by slow cooling of magma beneath the Earth’s surface. It is very hard and used in kitchen countertops and flooring.
2. Pumice: Formed when lava cools quickly with trapped air bubbles. It is light, porous, and can float on water. Used as a skin scrubber and in polishing toothpaste.
3. Obsidian: Formed by rapid cooling of lava. It is dark, smooth, and glassy with sharp edges; used in jewelry and cutting tools.
4. Basalt: Formed when lava cools on the Earth’s surface. It is dark, fine-grained, and heavily used in construction and road making.
- How is petroleum formed? Name any two products we get from petroleum.
Ans:
• Formation of Petroleum:
Petroleum (crude oil) was formed millions of years ago from the remains of microscopic sea plants and animals. When these organisms died, they sank to the ocean floor and were buried under layers of sand, silt, and mud. Heat and high pressure converted their remains into petroleum and natural gas over millions of years.
• Products Obtained from Petroleum:
1. Petrol and Diesel (used as transportation fuels)
2. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) / Kerosene (used for cooking and heating)
- Describe various sedimentary rocks. How are they formed?
Ans:
• Formation of Sedimentary Rocks:
Wind, rain, and running water carry small fragments of rocks, sand, soil, and organic matter into rivers, lakes, and oceans. These bits settle at the bottom as sediments. Over millions of years, continuous pressure compresses these layers, cementing them together to form sedimentary rocks.
• Types of Sedimentary Rocks:
1. Sandstone: Made from sand grains cemented together (mostly quartz). Used in famous structures like the Red Fort.
2. Limestone: Composed of calcium and shells of sea organisms. Used to manufacture cement, glass, chalk, and lime.
3. Shale: Formed from compressed clay and mud particles. Used to produce bricks and roofing tiles.
4. Conglomerate: Formed from rounded pebbles, gravel, and sand cemented together. Used as construction material.